Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Selected Plants in Auto-mobile Workshop Areas in Benue State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64321/jcr.v3i3.07Keywords:
Heavy metals, Automobile workshops, Pollution, Soil, PlantsAbstract
This quantitative study determined the heavy metal contamination in soil and selected plants in automobile workshops in Benue state, Nigeria. Heavy metal pollution has severe long-term effects on human and environmental health. Plant species: Mango (Mangifera indica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Cashew (Anacardium occidental), and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) were evaluated as possible bioindicators of heavy-metal pollution in Benue State, Nigeria. Using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with proper digestion method, the concentrations of different metals including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) were determined. The total mean concentrations in soil samples from the various automo-bile workshops were in the following order Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cd>Co>As>Hg. Mean concentrations of heavy metals found in plant samples from the various automobile workshops were in the following order Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd>As>Hg.
The bio-concentration factor of the plants follows the order: Moringa>Neem>Cashew>Mango. The translocation factor of the plants follows the order: Mango>Neem>Cashew>Moringa. Pollution indices of the soils showed high values in the order of Lead>Chromium>Nickel>Cadmium at the various experimental sites. The biocon-centration and translocation factors of all trees were above the critical value 1.0. The heavy metal accumulation levels in soils and plants in the selected experimental sites are signifi-cantly higher than their corresponding control samples, with some slightly higher than the permissible limits. Our findings posit the hyper-accumulative capabilities of these plants and their applicability as effective bio-indicators of heavy metals contamination.
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