Comparative Analysis on the Performances of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Cell (Pvc)

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy has driven significant interest in solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies, particularly monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells. This study presents a comparative analysis on the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic cells under the climatic conditions of Sokoto, Nigeria. The research involved experimental measurements of voltage, current, and temperature over a daily solar exposure period, using natural sunlight. Key parameters such as room temperature, ambient temperature, PV module temperature, voltage output, and current output were recorded at hourly intervals. Results indicate that the performance of both PV technologies is significantly influenced by solar irradiance and temperature. Monocrystalline cells exhibited higher efficiency and stable voltage output, while polycrystalline cells were more cost-effective but showed slightly lower electrical performance. The highest power output occurred during late morning and early afternoon, corresponding with peak solar irradiance, whereas elevated module temperatures slightly reduced voltage output, highlighting the effect of thermal losses. The study also demonstrated that natural sunlight provides higher energy conversion. These findings confirm the suitability of monocrystalline PV cells for high-sunlight regions like Sokoto, with proper temperature management strategies recommended to optimize performance. It also provides valuable insights for solar energy system designers, engineers, and policymakers, supporting the selection of appropriate photovoltaic technologies to maximize energy yield, improve system efficiency, and promote sustainable solar energy adoption in hot and arid climates.