Automobile Cleaners and Aquatic Resources with to Oxidative Stress and Liver Histopathology in Surfactant-Exposed Fish
Keywords:
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Clarias gariepinus, Reduced glutathione, Peroxidase, Liver, MarkersAbstract
The sublethal stage of Clarias gariepinus were given sublethal doses of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate for 30 days. This chemical is often used in Africa as an automotive cleaning. Standard analytical techniques were used to examine the variations in reduced glutathione (GSH), peroxidase, and liver pathology. The results showed that the GSH level was depleted and the MDA activities were elevated in all the tissues tested. No dose- or time-dependent differences were seen in GSH activity (p > 0.05), although alterations were detected at higher concentrations of 0.15mg/l and 0.20mg/l in the liver and the sera on day 30, but not were significant (P > 0.05). At 0.15mg/l and 0.20mg/l of SDS-treated fish, the MDA activities in the samples followed the same trends as the GSH but were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Several pathological alterations, including distorted sinusoids and clearly delineated fatty vacuoles, were observed in fish exposed to increasing concentrations of SDS over time. The inability of the important organs to neutralize the oxidative stress situation generated by the surfactant was proven by a minor drop in GSH activity and an increase in peroxidase activity, as well as numerous histological abnormalities in the liver of the fish. The liver and its enzymes have been demonstrated to be particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of water pollution.
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